Особливості реалізації державної екологічної політики на регіональному рівні

Abstract

The article examines the process of implementation of the state ecological policy in Ukraine and analyzes its current state at the regional level. The normative and legal support of the state ecological policy is considered. The legislative acts, which define the basic principles of environmental policy and environmental safety at the national and local level, are investigated. An analysis of the environmental legislation of Ukraine has been carried out. It shows that in spite of the presence of a significant number of indicators in it, it may not be effective in the implementation process. International regulations on environmental protection are considered. The analysis of indicators of anthropogenic pressure on the environment of the Chernihiv region has been carried out. It shows some stabilization of the situation with pollution and the tendency to improve, although in general, its level remains rather high. This situation is associated with structural deformations of the Ukrainian economy sectors, in which over the long term the preference was given to the development of the raw material component and extractive industry in the most environmentally hazardous industries. These factors, as well as the lack of necessary investments to improve technology and the implementation of environmental measures, have been caused by poor environmental conditions. As a result, the risk of emergencies in Ukraine is much higher than in developed countries, particularly in the countries of the European Union. At the same time, the ecological situation in the region is complicated by the contamination of a large area with radionuclides as a result of the Chernobyl accident. Work continues in the region to reduce radiation pollution, continuous monitoring of the level of radiation, the impact of radionuclides on various components of the environment and human health. As a result of state environmental policy studies at the regional level, proposals have been made to improve it by ecologizing industrial and agricultural production, adhering to environmental priorities and restoring ecologically valuable natural resources.