Функціонування державного земельного кадастру в Україні: адаптація до умов воєнного стану та перспективи

Abstract

У статті представлено стратегічні напрями удосконалення системи управління земельними ресурсами України в умовах воєнного стану та повоєнного відновлення. Обґрунтовано необхідність створення інтегрованої системи моніторингу стану земель на основі геоінформаційних технологій та даних дистанційного зондування Землі. Запропоновано розробку національного реєстру пошкоджених і забруднених земель, механізму компенсації для постраждалих землевласників, а також програм рекультивації територій із високим аграрним потенціалом. Обґрунтовано необхідність посилення державного нагляду за використанням і охороною земель, а також модернізації технічного забезпечення ДЗК з метою гарантування стабільної роботи системи, захисту прав власності.

The State Land Cadastre (SLC) is a basic element of the land management system and property rights enforcement in Ukraine. Martial law, imposed as a result of a full-scale invasion, has significantly complicated the stable functioning of the cadastral system. To stabilize land relations, under martial law, legislative changes were introduced that ensured the restoration of the procedure for registering the lease of agricultural land, permission for free privatization under certain conditions, the abolition of compensation for losses of agricultural production in certain territories, regulation of data entry into the State Land Registry, and the suspension of the free transfer of state and municipal land to private ownership. The work identifies key aspects of the destructive effects of military actions. A detailed analysis of the scope of expansion of the cadastre information base has been performed. In particular, the results of changes in information on 722.4 thousand new land plots have been determined, which exceeds the figure for 2023 (618.9 thousand), the total number of registered plots has reached 25.6 million. The article also analyzes compensation for violations of land legislation, namely UAH 107,378 of damage caused by violations, UAH 65,075 was voluntarily compensated. The key method for determining violations is unmanned land probing. 103.7 thousand hectares of agricultural land (reserve) were separately analyzed; 1.8 million hectares of land for which there is no information in the State Register of Property Rights on the right of ownership or use; 2.5 million hectares of land that is actually cultivated but does not have legal registration, which was detected using satellite monitoring. According to the assessment of the state of land resources carried out by the Center for Food and Land Use Research (KSE Agrocenter) based on data from the World Bank, the Government of Ukraine, the European Commission, and the UN, in 2022 the territories of Luhansk (100%), Kherson (95%), Chernihiv (80%), Zaporizhia (74%), Sumy (70%), and Donetsk (64%) regions were most affected by the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation. The paper presents statistical data on the distribution of areas controlled by Ukraine in the period 2021-2024. As a result of the research, key strategic recommendations were provided for supporting and restoring the land use structure and restoring agricultural potential, assessing environmental risks, and strategic planning.