Захисна синергічна композиція комплексної дії на вторинній сировині

Abstract

We investigated the kinetic and thermodynamic properties and mechanism of the protection action of compositions prepared using secondary raw material (with utilization of the chemical industry waste). The composition contained synergist additions (SA): biheterocycles (imidazole derivatives) and an active polar adsorbent (zeolite). The protection action was studied under the conditions of technogeneous impact. The synergists were selected taking into account the following main criteria: electronic structure of the molecules, cations and anions of SA; thermodynamic characteristics (ionization potential, changes of the resonance potential, work function and dipole moment); and coefficients of corrosion protection. It is shown that SA and chemical active fragments of the utilized waste components promote intramolecular and intermolecular synergism of the protection action of compositions. The correlation dependences of the protection efficiency of steel on the electronic and thermodynamic characteristics of SA are established. The analysis of the experimental results performed on the basis of electrochemical kinetics and physicochemical mechanics of materials demonstrates that the synergetic protection composition ensures a complex action. It provides both an effective corrosion protection towards the corrosion-mechanical fracture (corrosion cracking and low-cycle fatigue that are main causes of industrial accidents and ecological catastrophes) and an effective cleaning of technical and natural environments from heavy metals. The action mechanism of synergetic protection compositions is associated with the presence of polydentate ligands in their structure that promote metalochelation reactions. In addition, the protection mechanism is connected with the activity of polar adsorbent, zeolite, the adsorption of the macrocycle of metalochelates and the ion exchange of cations of heavy metals.