Екологія харчових виробництв : методичні вказівки до практичних занять для ЗВО першого (бакалаврського) рівня спеціальності 101 "Екологія"

Abstract

Environmental problems require immediate solutions. Climate change, depletion of the ozone layer, pollution of the biosphere, reduction of biological diversity are the most significant of them. Industrial enterprises, transport, agriculture and the domestic sector are the main cause of these environmental problems. Pollution of atmospheric air, water, soil causes diseases of people and degradation of ecosystems. An increase in the average temperature of the planet leads to a reduction in fresh water supplies and threatens food security for many countries, especially for low-income ones. In this regard, industrial ecology is important for reducing the anthropogenic negative impact. The Food Industry is a source of a large volume of organic waste and wastewater. The Dairy Industry, the production of meat and fish products, the Fruit and Vegetable Sector are characterized by one of the most significant levels of environmental impact. Therefore, the use of technologies for environmental protection in the enterprises of the FDM sector is an important step for cleaner production. Each sector of the Food Industry has its own characteristics regarding the impact on the environment. Therefore, for each of them there is a certain complex of strategies and technologies for environmental protection. An ecologist must know these features in order to make environmental technologies as efficient as possible. In addition, industrial enterprises of the FDM sector differ in the volume of production, type of products, financial capabilities, location. The task of an ecologist is to choose the right complex of environmental technologies taking into account all factors both internal and external. First of all, the experience of the European Union countries and The United States of America as leaders in the use of environmental technologies should be taken into account.